• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece (1), preferably a toothed wheel, with a multi-start helical machining tool (2) having a plurality of mutually parallel helical and web-shaped cutting edges (5). In order to achieve an improved machining quality, the method according to the invention provides the following steps: a) bringing the machining tool (2) into engagement with the workpiece (1) by inserting a first helically running cutting edge (5 ') of the machining tool (2) into a first gap (4 ') of the workpiece (1) to be machined or machined and machining of the workpiece (1) with the machining tool (2) under these engagement conditions; b) disengaging the machining tool (2) with the workpiece (1); c) Re-engaging the machining tool (2) with the workpiece (1) by inserting the first helical cutting edge (5 ') of the machining tool (2) into a second gap (4') to be machined from the first one Gap (4 '') of the workpiece (1) and machining of the workpiece (1) with the machining tool (2).
    公开号:CH706304B1
    申请号:CH00564/13
    申请日:2013-03-08
    公开日:2017-03-15
    发明作者:Müller Frank
    申请人:Kapp Gmbh；Niles Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece with a worm-shaped machining tool, wherein the workpiece has an axis and is provided over its circumference with a profiling or provided with a profiling, wherein the profiling a number of radially extending projections ( Teeth), so that between two projections there is a corresponding number of to be machined or produced gaps, wherein the worm-shaped machining tool has an axis and a number of helixes, which extend helically about the axis parallel to each other, so that a plurality of mutually parallel helical formed and web-shaped cutting result.The invention preferably relates to a method for grinding a workpiece with a worm-shaped grinding tool (grinding worm). However, the invention can also be used in milling (hobbing).In this case, preference is given to grinding a pre-toothed gear or a similar workpiece, although a grinding from the solid is also possible. The latter approach is particularly interesting for small modules or prototypes.In hard finishing, especially of gears, grinding with a grinding worm is well known in the art. For this purpose, reference is merely made, by way of example, to EP 1 987 919 A2, where a grinding worm is described for the purpose mentioned. DE 3 314 793 A1 also discloses grinding by means of a grinding worm. In DD 7 287 A, a grinding wheel package is used to grind a gear.
    In this case, there is a continuous grinding process (in contrast to the discontinuous grinding of the individual tooth gaps of the gear to be ground), wherein the multi-course grinding worm meshes with the gear to be ground and rotate gear and grinding worm in correlating manner with appropriate delivery.
    When machining gears (or similar profiles) with a grinding worm (i.e., a rolling tool), the number of turns of the tool is preferably selected so that the number of workpiece teeth divided by the number of tool teeth (i.e., number of flights) is not an integer.The reason for this is that it should be avoided that errors in the tool are systematically transferred to the workpiece. Namely, this happens when said ratio is an integer, because then a particular tooth of the tool (i.e., a certain helical cutting edge of the grinding worm) repeatedly engages the same tooth gap of the workpiece after each revolution of the workpiece.
    For this reason, such pairings of workpiece and tool (grinding worm) are avoided in practice. However, this is disadvantageous associated with the fact that the number of tools needed and therefore kept up is increasing and there is an increased set-up effort due to constant tool change. Both increase costs and reduce the efficiency of the grinding process.
    The invention is therefore based on the object, a generic method for machining, in particular for grinding, a gear or a gear-like workpiece by means of a mehrgängigen machining tool, in particular by means of a grinding worm, so educate that an increased quality of editing is possible, which in particular should be the case when unfavorable relationships between the geometry of the gear and the machining tool result (integer ratio between the number of teeth and the speed of the machining tool). In particular, a high accuracy of division is sought here. It should also be possible to keep the need for different tools as small as possible in order to be able to use corresponding economic advantages. Finally, more frequent tool changes for the above reason should be avoided.
    The solution of this object by the invention is in a method for machining a gear or a gear-like workpiece (profile) with a multi-speed machining tool, characterized in that the method comprises the steps:<a> <SEP> engaging the machining tool with the workpiece by inserting a first helical cutting edge of the machining tool into a first gap of the workpiece to be machined or machined and machining the workpiece with the machining tool under these engagement conditions;<tb> b) <SEP> disengaging the machining tool with the workpiece;<tb> c) <SEP> Re-engaging the machining tool with the workpiece by inserting the first helical cutting edge of the machining tool into a second gap other than the first gap to be machined, and machining the workpiece with the machining tool.
    In that regard, the proposed method includes any machining methods, such as hobbing or generating grinding. Equally, the invention proposal includes the processing of pre-toothed or pre-profiled workpieces, but also the introduction of the profiling or gearing in full. In the specific case of hobbing a pre-toothed gear or similar workpiece, the method thus comprises the steps:<a> <SEP> engaging the grinding tool with the workpiece by inserting a first helical cutting edge of the grinding tool into a first gap of the workpiece to be ground and grinding the workpiece with the grinding tool under these engagement conditions;<tb> b) <SEP> disengaging the grinding tool with the workpiece;<c> <SEP> Re-engaging the grinding tool with the workpiece by inserting the first helical cutting edge of the grinding tool into a second gap of the workpiece other than the first gap to be ground and grinding the workpiece with the grinding tool.
    Following said step c) steps b) and c) can be repeated, wherein a renewed engagement of the machining tool (in particular grinding tool) with the workpiece by inserting the first helically extending cutting edge of the machining tool (in particular Grinding tool) in a further, different from the first and second gap to be grinded gap of the workpiece takes place.In said step c), it is preferable to select the gap directly following in the circumferential direction of the workpiece on the first gap to be machined (to be ground). However, this is not mandatory, it can also be shared more than one tooth gap.
    The number of radially extending projections (i.e., the teeth in the case of a gear) and the number of flights of the worm-shaped machining tool preferably form an integer quotient in the proposed method.
    When machining, in particular during grinding, according to step a) above, preferably at least 75% of the total material to be removed in the gaps, i. E. in particular the amount to be ground, abraded or ground; even preferred is a value of at least 90% of the total material to be removed in the voids, i. in particular the amount to be ground. When processing according to step c) then preferably no further radial feed between workpiece and machining tool, which goes beyond the radial feed between the workpiece and machining tool, which was already selected according to step a).
    The workpiece is preferably a gear, said projections are in this case teeth of the gear, the gear is preferably an external gear.
    But it is also possible that the workpiece is a rotor with an external profile.
    The proposed method or grinding worm may generally be used in the hard finishing of gears and special profiles (such as rotors or cycloids).
    The machining, in particular the grinding, is carried out so with at least two (grinding) cuts, it is not mandatory that the second (grinding) cut another targeted delivery is made to measure on the tooth or profile flank ablate.
    Both dressable and non-dress grinding worms (i.e., grinding worms with steel body and hard coating) can be used.
    The proposed procedure makes it possible to dispense with a high storage of various processing tools, especially grinding tools, or at least reduce this, because it is possible to achieve very good machining results when machining tool or grinding worms for the processing of Workpieces are used, although the ratio of the number of teeth of the workpiece to the number of turns of the tool is an integer.
    Accordingly, a high quality, in particular with regard to the division, can be achieved even with the said integer quotient between the number of teeth and the number of gears.
    The proposed method thus provides that after each processing step outside the engagement between the machining tool and workpiece, the workpiece or the tool is rotated by one or more pitches (teeth), so that at the next processing step other tool cutting with the gaps to be processed comb the workpiece. Errors of the machining tool can not be systematically reproduced in certain tooth gaps.
    In the drawings an embodiment of the invention is shown. Show it:<Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> schematically a gear - seen in the axial direction - and a grinding worm, with which the gear is ground, in a first sub-step of the grinding process and<Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> in the illustration according to FIG. 1 a second partial step of the grinding process.
    In the figures, a workpiece 1 can be seen in the form of a gear. The gear has a number of radial projections 3, that is, teeth which are arranged over the outer circumference of the substantially cylindrical gear body. Between two teeth 3 is a tooth gap 4, which - which can not be seen - has a Verzahnungsaufmass, which is ground by a grinding process, so that the gear 1 receives its final contour. The axis of rotation of the gear 1 is designated by a. The number of teeth 3 and thus the number of tooth gaps 4 is z.
    The grinding operation is performed by engaging a grinding tool 2 in the form of a grinding worm with the gear 1. The grinding worm has an axis of rotation A about which it rotates during the grinding operation. Gear grinding with grinding worms is well known, so that it need not be discussed in detail; to the above-mentioned prior art should be noted.
    The grinding worm 2 is designed to be more continuous, i. about the axis A of the worm-shaped grinding tool 2 extends a number g helically extending worm threads; the individual screw flights run parallel to each other. Accordingly, a plurality of mutually parallel helical and web-shaped cutting 5 are formed. In the present case, the grinding worm 2 is designed to be four-fold, i. four flights run helically parallel next to each other about the axis of rotation A.
    If the ratio of the number of teeth z to the number of teeth g integral, has, as described above, in a negative way with the result that again and again the same cutting edge 5 of the grinding worm gets into a specific tooth gap 4; Thus, the errors of the tool are systematically and undesirably transferred to the workpiece. To avoid this, the procedure is as follows.
    In the exemplary embodiment, the gear has 16 teeth 3 or tooth gaps to be ground 4. The number of teeth or gaps z is thus 16. The tooth gaps are numbered radially inside the gear 1 from 1 to 16.
    The grinding worm 2 is formed four-way, so that four blades 5 (helical radially protruding from the screw main body webs) are present. The number of gears g of the grinding worm 2 is thus 4. The cutting edges 5 are numbered 1 to 4 on the tool 2.
    The quotient z / g is thus 16/4 = 4, i. E. he is integer.
    In a first method step of the grinding process, the grinding tool 2 is firstly brought into engagement with the workpiece 1 by inserting a first helically running cutting edge 5 of the grinding tool 2 into a first gap 4 of the workpiece 1 to be ground; In this intervention situation, the workpiece 1 is ground, wherein already a substantial part of the total dimensions to be taken off (or the entire measurement) is ground off.
    This is illustrated in FIG. 1. It can be seen that the cutting edge 5 of the grinding worm 2 (designated cutting edge no. 3) engages in the gap 4 of the gear 1 (referred to as gap no. 3).
    Accordingly, said cutting edge 5 (= cutting edge no. 3) then also comes into contact with the tooth gaps No. 7, No. 11 and No. 15 and then again with No. 3, as long as said process step of the grinding process lasts, which results from the integer quotient z / g = 4. This is indicated by the radially outward numbers in the tooth gaps of the gear 1.
    As can be seen from the numbering of the cutting edges 5 of the tool 2 - from No. 1 to No. 4 -, the same cutting edges are always engaged in the other tooth gaps 4 as well.
    Thus, the cutting edge no. 1 always comes with the tooth gaps No. 1, No. 5, No. 9 and No. 13 in engagement.
    However, the cutting edge no. 2 always comes with the tooth gaps No. 2, No. 6, No. 10 and No. 14 in engagement.
    Finally, always the cutting edge no. 4 with the tooth gaps no. 4, no. 8, no. 12 and no. 16 is engaged.
    So that the errors that may be present in the grinding tool are not systematically transferred to the tool, grinding is then stopped and the grinding tool 2 and gear 1 are disengaged after carrying out the mentioned first method step of the grinding process.
    Now, the gear is turned around a gap, i. a division, twisted and the engagement between workpiece and tool restored. This is shown in FIG. 2. The grinding process will now continue. The intervention conditions are now changed as follows:
    Cutting edge no. 3 of the tool 2 now grinds the gaps No. 2, No. 6, No. 10 and No. 14.
    Cutting edge no. 1 of the tool 2 now grinds the gaps No. 4, No. 8, No. 12 and No. 16.
    Cutting edge no. 2 of the tool 2 now grinds the gaps No. 1, No. 5, No. 9 and No. 13.
    Cutting edge no. 4 of the tool 2 now grinds the gaps No. 3, No. 7, No. 11 and No. 15.
    For this purpose, reference is again made to the numbering of the cutting edges 5 (Nos. 1 to 4) and the tooth gaps 4 (Nos. 1 to 16, see radially inward numbers on the toothed wheel 1), as well as to the numbering of the individual gaps 4, in which the number of the cutting edge 5 is entered, which enters the gap (entered radially outside the gear 1).
    Generally speaking, therefore, the grinding is continued with new engagement conditions after the first substep of the grinding, wherein an insertion of the first helically extending cutting edge 5 of the grinding tool 2 in a second, different from the first gap 4 to be ground gap 4 Of the workpiece 1 takes place.
    It has been shown in corresponding measurements that after the first Teilschleifprozess the division at the right and left flank and in the concentricity shows significant deviations from the desired shape.
    However, the grinding result has significantly improved after performing the second Teilschleifprozesses. Incidentally, a very positive result is to be expected if the second partial process takes place only with little or even no further infeed (radial feed between the tool and the workpiece). In this respect, it has been proven that in the context of the first part grinding process, the abraded Abradable is largely sanded and after the said parts to (at least) a tooth gap in the second Teilschleifprozesses be ground again without further delivery.
    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    [0044]<tb> 1 <SEP> workpiece (gear)<tb> 2 <SEP> Helical machining tool (grinding worm)<tb> 3 <SEP> projection (tooth)<Tb> 4 <September> gap<tb> 4 <SEP> Gap<tb> 4 <SEP> Gap<tb> 4 <SEP> Gap<Tb> 5 <September> Cutting<tb> 5 <SEP> Cutting edge<Tb> <September><tb> a <SEP> Axis of the workpiece<tb> A <SEP> Axis of the machining tool<Tb> <September><tb> z <SEP> Number of protrusions / gaps (teeth)<tb> g <SEP> Number of flights
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. A method for machining a workpiece (1) with a worm-shaped machining tool (2),wherein the workpiece (1) has an axis (a) and is profiled or profiled over its circumference, the profiling comprising a number (z) of radially extending projections (3) such that between two projections there is a corresponding number (z) of gaps (4) to be machined or produced,wherein the worm-shaped machining tool (2) has an axis (A) and a number (g) helical threads which extend helically about the axis (A) parallel to each other, so that a plurality of mutually parallel helical and web-shaped cutting edges (5) result .characterized in thatthe method comprises the steps of:a) bringing the machining tool (2) into engagement with the workpiece (1) by inserting a first helically running cutting edge (5) of the machining tool (2) into a first gap (4) of the workpiece (1) to be machined or produced ) and machining the workpiece (1) with the machining tool (2) under these engagement conditions;b) disengaging the machining tool (2) with the workpiece (1);c) Re-engaging the machining tool (2) with the workpiece (1) by inserting the first helical cutting edge (5) of the machining tool (2) into a second gap (4) to be machined from the first Gap (4) of the workpiece (1) and machining of the workpiece (1) with the machining tool (2).
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that following step c) steps b) and c) are repeated, wherein a renewed engagement of the machining tool (2) with the workpiece (1) by inserting the first helically extending cutting edge (5) of the machining tool (2) into a further, of the first and second gap (4, 4) different gap (4) of the workpiece (1).
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in step c) in the circumferential direction of the workpiece (1) on the first gap to be machined (4) directly following gap (4) is selected.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the number (z) of the radially extending projections (3) and the number (g) of the screw threads of the worm-shaped machining tool (2) form an integer quotient.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that during processing according to step a) at least 75%, preferably at least 90%, of the total in the gaps (4) to be removed material is removed.
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that during processing according to step c) no further radial feed between workpiece (1) and machining tool (2) takes place, which goes beyond the radial feed between the workpiece (1) and machining tool (2), which was selected according to step a).
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the workpiece is a gear and the projections (3) are teeth of the gear.
    [8]
    8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the gear is an externally toothed gear.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the workpiece is a rotor with an external profile.
    [10]
    10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the machining process is a grinding process and as a machining tool (2) a grinding worm is used.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JP2013193203A|2013-09-30|
    CH706304A2|2013-09-30|
    US9114466B2|2015-08-25|
    DE102012005228A1|2013-09-19|
    DE102012005228B4|2013-11-21|
    US20130244546A1|2013-09-19|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DD7287A|
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    CH655881A5|1982-05-04|1986-05-30|Reishauer Ag|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR AUTOMATICALLY REGULATING THE ANGLE POSITION OF A PRE-TOOTHED WORKPIECE WITH REGARD TO A WORM-SHAPED TOOL.|
    JP3643412B2|1995-10-13|2005-04-27|超 江村|Gear grinding machine|
    DE102004057596B4|2004-04-22|2009-06-04|Reishauer Ag|Profiling gear and method for profiling a grinding worm|
    DE102007020479B4|2007-04-27|2010-10-21|Kapp Gmbh|Method and grinding machine for profiling a grinding tool|
    DE102008035525B3|2008-07-30|2009-12-17|Kapp Gmbh|Method for manufacturing a workpiece and grinding machine|JP6030857B2|2011-07-18|2016-11-24|アイシン・エーアイ株式会社|Tooth surface processing apparatus and gear manufacturing method|
    DE102014005274A1|2014-04-09|2015-10-29|KAPP Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH|Process for hard finishing a workpiece with a worm-shaped machining tool|
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    DE102014019553A1|2014-12-23|2016-06-23|Liebherr-Verzahntechnik Gmbh|Method for processing a workpiece with a multi-start grinding worm and dressing method|
    DE102016006673A1|2016-05-31|2017-11-30|KAPP Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH|Method for dressing a multi-start grinding worm by means of a dressing roller|
    DE102019004687A1|2019-07-02|2021-01-07|Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische HochschuleAachen|Process for the production of tooth flank modifications on toothings of workpieces as well as tools for the implementation of the process|
    DE102020204380A1|2020-04-03|2021-10-07|Erwin Junker Grinding Technology A.S.|METHOD OF GRINDING WORKPIECES WITH A SCREW-SHAPED PROFILE AND GRINDING MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH WORKPIECES|
    CN111843687B|2020-08-04|2021-06-15|张景凌|Cylinder excircle polishing machine|
    法律状态:
    2016-08-15| AZW| Rejection (application)|
    2016-08-31| AERF| Reactivation after erroneous deletion|
    2020-06-15| PCAR| Change of the address of the representative|Free format text: NEW ADDRESS: BADSTRASSE 5 POSTFACH, 8501 FRAUENFELD (CH) |
    2020-10-15| PCAR| Change of the address of the representative|Free format text: NEW ADDRESS: BAHNHOFSTRASSE 100, 8001 ZUERICH (CH) |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102012005228A|DE102012005228B4|2012-03-15|2012-03-15|Method for machining a workpiece with a worm-shaped machining tool|
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